Some browser tips, before get started with the alphabet.
Sometimes it's helpful to see larger letters, especially to see the marks around a Greek word. Here's how to change the size:
Windows
- Press the Ctrl (control) key, and at the same time...- Press the + key (for larger letters) or the - key (for smaller letters)
Mac
- Press the Apple (command) key, and at the same time...
- Press the + key (for larger letters) or the - key (for smaller letters)
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About the sounds of letters
Lessons 1-4 feature the Erasmus phonetic system.
Lesson 5 includes Erasmus, Modern, and Koine phonetic systems.
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Vowels
α | sound: ah | name: alpha (ahl.fah)
ε | sound: eh | name: epsilon (ehp.see.lahn)
η | sound: ey | name: eta (ey.tah)
ι | sound: ee | name: iota (ee.oh.tah)
ο | sound: ah | name: omicron (ah.mee.krahn)υ | sound: oo | name: upsilon (oop.see.lahn)
ω | sound: oh | name: omega (oh.meh.gah)
Here are some practice words.All of these words occur in 1 Thessalonians 1:1-3, in various forms.
ἀ¦γά¦πη | ah.gah.pey | love
ἐλ¦πίς | ehl.pees | hope
ἐκ¦κλη¦σί¦α | ehk.kley.see.ah | church, assembly
Χρι¦στός | kree.stahs |Christ
λό¦γος | lah.gahs |word
κύ¦ρι¦ος | koo.ree.ahs | lord
ὑ¦μῶν | hoo.mohn, | of you
Marks
When in a word, Greek letters have some marks floating around them. Let's take a look at them.1. The smooth breathing mark is silent; it appears over a starting vowel (or over the second vowel in a pair of starting vowels).
ἀ ἐ ἠ ἰ ὀ ὐ ὠ
2. The rough breathing mark adds an h sound at the beginning of a word; in the historically-adjusted system, this mark is silent.
ἁ ἑ ἡ ἱ ὁ ὑ ὡ ῥ
3. Accent marks help you say the word aloud, by showing which syllable to emphasize:
ά έ ή ί ό ύ ώ
ὰ ὲ ὴ ὶ ὸ ὺ ὼ
ᾶ ῆ ῖ ῶ
4. The iota subscript mark is silent, yet carries significance in meaning:
ᾳ ῃ ῳ
5. The apostrophe mark indicates some letters have dropped out, in fact, the remaining ending letter may have changed too. Why? So the pair of words are easier to read aloud together.
διά (dee.ah) is abbreviated as δι' in 1 Thes 1:5,
in this phrase: δι' ὑμᾶς (dee hoo.mahs, dee ue.mahs)
ἀπό (ah.pah) is abbreviated as ἀφ' in 1 Thes 1:8,
in this phrase: ἀφ' ὑμῶν (ahf hoo.mohn, ahf ue.mohn)
6. Early Greek manuscripts have no punctuation. Punctuation was added later, as a convenience to the reader. The markings are different than the ones we are used to. Yet when encountered in context, punctuation is reasonably easy to figure out.
period .
comma ,
semicolon (half of a colon) ·
question mark (this is an odd one yet you'll know it in context) ;
Rom 8:31
...εἰ ὁ θε¦ὸς ὑ¦πὲρ ἡ¦μῶν, τίς καθ' ἡ¦μῶν;
ey hah theh.ahs hoo.pehr hey.mohn, tees kahth hey.mohn
If God for us, who against us?If God is for us, who is against us?
Rom 8:35
τίς ἡ¦μᾶς χω¦ρί¦σει ἀ¦πὸ τῆς ἀ¦γά¦πης τοῦ Χρι¦στοῦ;...
tees hey.mahs koh.ree.sey ah.pah teys ah.gah.peys too kree.stoo
Who will separate us from the love of Christ?
7. Vowel-by-vowel dots. As we'll learn in the next lesson, some vowel pairs make just one sound. Yet some non-Greek words in the text don't follow this Greek convention. And so a pair of vowel-by-vowel dots go over the second vowel of such a vowel pair, so that the foreign word is pronounced vowel-by-vowel. Here is an example:
1 Thes 1:8
...Ἀ¦χα¦ΐ¦ᾳ...
ah.kah.ee.ah
8. Syllables. The Great Treasures site displays syllables, making it easier to begin reading the text. It marks syllable breaks with bars (ex¦am¦ple), a feature that can be turned on or off whenever you choose.
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Little Notes
Mark names: The formal names of the marks are:
ἀ smooth breathing
ἁ rough breathing
ά acuteὰ grave (grahv)
ᾶ circumflex
ᾳ iota subscript' elision (ih-lihz-uhn)
ϊ diaeresis (dahy-er-uh-sihs)
---
©2015 TheBible.org All rights reserved worldwide.
Sometimes it's helpful to see larger letters, especially to see the marks around a Greek word. Here's how to change the size:
Windows
- Press the Ctrl (control) key, and at the same time...- Press the + key (for larger letters) or the - key (for smaller letters)
Mac
- Press the Apple (command) key, and at the same time...
- Press the + key (for larger letters) or the - key (for smaller letters)
---
About the sounds of letters
Lessons 1-4 feature the Erasmus phonetic system.
Lesson 5 includes Erasmus, Modern, and Koine phonetic systems.
---
Vowels
α | sound: ah | name: alpha (ahl.fah)
ε | sound: eh | name: epsilon (ehp.see.lahn)
η | sound: ey | name: eta (ey.tah)
ι | sound: ee | name: iota (ee.oh.tah)
ο | sound: ah | name: omicron (ah.mee.krahn)υ | sound: oo | name: upsilon (oop.see.lahn)
ω | sound: oh | name: omega (oh.meh.gah)
Here are some practice words.All of these words occur in 1 Thessalonians 1:1-3, in various forms.
ἀ¦γά¦πη | ah.gah.pey | love
ἐλ¦πίς | ehl.pees | hope
ἐκ¦κλη¦σί¦α | ehk.kley.see.ah | church, assembly
Χρι¦στός | kree.stahs |Christ
λό¦γος | lah.gahs |word
κύ¦ρι¦ος | koo.ree.ahs | lord
ὑ¦μῶν | hoo.mohn, | of you
Marks
When in a word, Greek letters have some marks floating around them. Let's take a look at them.1. The smooth breathing mark is silent; it appears over a starting vowel (or over the second vowel in a pair of starting vowels).
ἀ ἐ ἠ ἰ ὀ ὐ ὠ
2. The rough breathing mark adds an h sound at the beginning of a word; in the historically-adjusted system, this mark is silent.
ἁ ἑ ἡ ἱ ὁ ὑ ὡ ῥ
3. Accent marks help you say the word aloud, by showing which syllable to emphasize:
ά έ ή ί ό ύ ώ
ὰ ὲ ὴ ὶ ὸ ὺ ὼ
ᾶ ῆ ῖ ῶ
4. The iota subscript mark is silent, yet carries significance in meaning:
ᾳ ῃ ῳ
5. The apostrophe mark indicates some letters have dropped out, in fact, the remaining ending letter may have changed too. Why? So the pair of words are easier to read aloud together.
διά (dee.ah) is abbreviated as δι' in 1 Thes 1:5,
in this phrase: δι' ὑμᾶς (dee hoo.mahs, dee ue.mahs)
ἀπό (ah.pah) is abbreviated as ἀφ' in 1 Thes 1:8,
in this phrase: ἀφ' ὑμῶν (ahf hoo.mohn, ahf ue.mohn)
6. Early Greek manuscripts have no punctuation. Punctuation was added later, as a convenience to the reader. The markings are different than the ones we are used to. Yet when encountered in context, punctuation is reasonably easy to figure out.
period .
comma ,
semicolon (half of a colon) ·
question mark (this is an odd one yet you'll know it in context) ;
Rom 8:31
...εἰ ὁ θε¦ὸς ὑ¦πὲρ ἡ¦μῶν, τίς καθ' ἡ¦μῶν;
ey hah theh.ahs hoo.pehr hey.mohn, tees kahth hey.mohn
If God for us, who against us?If God is for us, who is against us?
Rom 8:35
τίς ἡ¦μᾶς χω¦ρί¦σει ἀ¦πὸ τῆς ἀ¦γά¦πης τοῦ Χρι¦στοῦ;...
tees hey.mahs koh.ree.sey ah.pah teys ah.gah.peys too kree.stoo
Who will separate us from the love of Christ?
7. Vowel-by-vowel dots. As we'll learn in the next lesson, some vowel pairs make just one sound. Yet some non-Greek words in the text don't follow this Greek convention. And so a pair of vowel-by-vowel dots go over the second vowel of such a vowel pair, so that the foreign word is pronounced vowel-by-vowel. Here is an example:
1 Thes 1:8
...Ἀ¦χα¦ΐ¦ᾳ...
ah.kah.ee.ah
8. Syllables. The Great Treasures site displays syllables, making it easier to begin reading the text. It marks syllable breaks with bars (ex¦am¦ple), a feature that can be turned on or off whenever you choose.
---
Little Notes
Mark names: The formal names of the marks are:
ἀ smooth breathing
ἁ rough breathing
ά acuteὰ grave (grahv)
ᾶ circumflex
ᾳ iota subscript' elision (ih-lihz-uhn)
ϊ diaeresis (dahy-er-uh-sihs)
---
©2015 TheBible.org All rights reserved worldwide.
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